Numerical modeling of soil–pipe interaction of single pipeline at shallow embedment in clay by hypoplastic macroelement

Nowadays, the numerical analysis of submarine pipelines offshore oil and gas industry is a big challenge in engineering design. A simple, fast accurate tool proposed this article based on macroelement concept. The novel within framework hypoplasticity can consider static monotonic combined (multi-directional) loads for shallow embedded clay. incremental nonlinear constitutive formulas are defined terms generalized forces displacements an enhanced function failure surface introduced. series empirical to describe stiffness variation trends soil–pipeline interaction. Model predictions show that proved be efficient alternative approach compared traditional finite element analysis. computational cost thus much reduced pipeline • hypoplastic soil–pipe system proposed. Modeling interaction clay under cyclic loadings. performance remarkable.